Ways+of+Knowing


 * **Senses** || **Success** || **Failures** ||
 * **Touch** || When you touch the string of guitar and feel the strings you are able to memorize the pattern through touch || When you try to grab something without looking ends up as a disaster ||
 * **Taste** || I thought shrimp to be disgusting/ until I tasted it and had become my favorite seafood || My taste fails to cope with spicy food. Example, in India I had trouble eating the food ||
 * **Smell** || When you smell something bad, and begin to avoid the direction of it || When you smell something good but it turns out to be something bad ||
 * **Sight** || Looking at a map and seeing it in real life, example, I usually have good direction to find a place that I’ve only been to once like where a car has been parked. || Seeing someone from far, thinking it was them shouting for them when it really wasn’t them. ||
 * **Hear** || To slap a mosquito away when you hear it in your sleep || When fail to hear something said as an announcement and fail to attend or follow what has been said. ||

All species have different influences and limitation when it comes to perception. Humans are shown to have the most advanced perception compared to the animal kingdom. However humans don’t have the best perception for each sense. For example pigeons have shown to have the what you we can say is ‘super vision’, this is because they have a view of 340 degrees around them and are able to process visual information 3 times faster. This shows that the pigeons have better visual perception. This is one good example for the influence of a pigeons vision. The fact that we can see colors, many animals can’t. One limitation could involve how dogs cannot see color while humans can, this is the limitation for the dog. Every animal has a different range of stimuli, like sound depending different animals can hear different pitches, for example dogs can hear a pitch which humans cant. This make the dog more sensitive to the range of hearing. consequences can be involved depending on an acquisition because not all animals can do the same thing as a human, for example humans can open something as simple as a door without thinking about. While many animals cannot do this. One way technology today had helped modify and extend our senses is through surgery, anesthesia is given to help and ease pain. However our senses had also been badly effected through technology, one example is artificial flavoring this is when food is made not through nature making less connections to it.
 * In what In what ways does the biological constitution of a living organism determine, influence or limit its perception? If humans are sensitive only to certain ranges of stimuli, what consequences, including positive attributes and limitations, might this have for the acquisition of knowledge? Provide examples.How does technology extend and modify the capabilities of the senses?**

__ Perception __
What are the primary ways in which we know the world around us? Background, environment, brightness, place, time ===**Are there stages to perception? ** === Here are some recognized stages. Define them and find examples:  -filtering- When you ignore sounds, and other perceptions around you, like a voice in another classroom,or a ticking of a clock.  -halo and horn effect- When something looks good but it really isn't, like the movie, //Caroline// where the young girl sees a place of happiness until she realizes that it an evil place.  -organizing- Organizing through perception, like identifying objects with the help of categorizing  -stereotyping- Finding out about something that makes you dislike or like something more, like the movie has a song that you really like in it and you love it more for that reason.  -filling in information- Is when you try to figure something out, like problem solving in math.  -interpretation- When you compare between to different perceptions, for example when you feel something but couldn't tell what it was until you see it or vise versa.

**Perceptual Illusions**
Is your perception always accurate? Provide examples of when it is trustworthy, and when it might not be.  No, perception can be trustworthy when walking down the street however it can fail you when you don't notice or ignore a crack and trip over it.

 Are people’s perceptions the same? How do you know this? Does this invalidate your or another person’s experience? Everyone analyses things they see, touch, smell, etc.. for example a common one is when someone like the taste of a certain food while another person doesn't.

Why might misperceptions occur? Misperception may occur when your perceptions persuade you that something but when it isn't really what you wanted. For example, you felt for house keys in your pocket, thought they were them and really weren't causing your self to get locked out.

===**<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Selectivity of Perception ** === <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">How do we validate our perceptions? Do we ignore some and rely more heavily on others? Why? You use perception to help and figure something out logically. People would rely on experiences, an example of this is learning from mistakes. People validate perception differently, for example would probably be used more heavily then smell, or taste, because you can see something and know how it would smell and taste if you have tasted, smelt, and seen what ever you are looking at before.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> What things might affect how you interpret your perceptions? Is this selectivity conscious or unconscious? i would say that perception is somewhat both Conscious and Unconscious, because usually when you look around you don really think about it, its like an instinct. However, if you smell something from a distance, or want to smell a flower you consciously smell it. Another example of an unconscious one is when you are sitting and laying you head down on the table, the sense of touch feels the tabe but doesn't alert you costantly and just ignores the feel of the table.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**Seeing and Believing**
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">What do you create from your perceptions? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">We precive and create what happens around us, for example if someone sees a poster or sign saying math tutor needed, someone who sees it and is interested in math would have there eyes pop open to it, while someone who isnt.

In this case, one could ask, what belief or models affect our perception?

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">This leads to the question of if, or how are, the senses used in the different Areas of Knowing?

Distinguishing Appearance from Reality How would you be able to confirm if your perceptions are representing what you are experiencing accurately?

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**Reality**
So if there is agreement that perceptions may not be perfect, then how do we get around them to perceive reality? Or, is this even possible?

__** Meeting an Alien **__

If I were to leave the planet and had to explain to alien what life on Earth would be like it would probably be about main ideas. To start with it would involve talking about ethnicity and the different regions around the word split into countries, I would talk about the technology that has been invented, the major politics, wars, and basically what had happened in the world from what we know so far.

If we were to be able to discuss a topic involving both of us it may involve the creation of universe conspiracy. This is because it involves both of us, and involves to the reason that we are meeting each other in the first place. Perception, depending on what the alien can do takes a big part, to start of language may be different and speech will be hard between each other. Maybe the pitch of our voice is to high or low for them, maybe they don’t talk and just use gestures. So it really depends on the alien whether or not they are able to communicate with us in the first place.

We don’t know, what an alien could look like, we don’t even know if there is really any yet. So we cant really no the truth to my description until we meet one, and maybe there are different types of aliens so it depends on which kind we find. For example you might meet an alien who speaks traces of English and can hear you and somewhat understand you, it will make it much easier to communicate with each other. So depending on the alien and it perceptions onto human and humans perception onto aliens it depends whether we can even try to communicate with each other in the first place, before we can even start talking about planet Earth to them.

__<span style="color: #fa1919; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 170%;">Emotions __
Please don't cry....

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**The nature of emotions**
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">What is the underlying nature of our emotions? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> The underlying nature of emotions involves feelings within people, a spectrum of feelings are shown. For example a death of a person usually makes a person feel sadness, this shows how this is a universal (common) feeling between humans.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> When you feel an emotion, how do you know you are feeling that way? Can you explain why you are having this emotion? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> It depends what you someone is feeling and why they are feeling this way. For example when your in bed it would be hard to feel active and you feel lazy, however while you are in a amusement park you are running around trying to get from ride to ride, however this would lead to the emotion of laziness. This shows how some emotions lead to others.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Describe the process by which you develop an emotion. In what ways do we describe emotions through language? People can develop emotions through what is happening around them or to them at the time. For example you could feel nervous before a big test, or you could feel excited a couple of days before a holiday. Language could show emotion because you talk to people about something you are feeling like when you get angry at a friend but talk to a another friend about it, another example can be wen someone raises there voice when they talk, you would raise when your angry, or even raise it when something good has happened like a goal in a soccer game.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Can you reason about emotions?

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> What things influence your emotions? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Emotions are influenced through people, background, time, age, and gender.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Are controlling emotions a good or a bad thing? Explain with examples. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Controlling emotions is usually a good thing, like you may feel anxious for a cigarette, however you know its bad for you and control yourself from doing it so you wont get hurt from it in the future.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> How do emotions change as you get older? Why does this happen? As a child you think of them to be constantly happy, but feel sad for silly reason, when it come to teenagers they start to discover different emotions and learn about the world around them, coming into adult years you see that

Are emotions influenced by culture? Yes, every culture is different, for example here in Saudi Arabia women are not able to drive, while many countries women are able to so if Saudi man were to get into a car with a women driving they may feel a sense of fear, and may not trust her. ===<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Emotions as obstacle ** === <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Can emotions affect the way we understand something? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">It depends on the emotion person maybe feeling, for example sadness may cause to reflect to why you are sad, what happened, why, who, when, and why am i sad. Its the same with many different emotions like being excited you would even see people see you o be overly excited and this gives u an understanding to whatever you are doing is that it helps you get excited.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Can emotions limit the reliability or even the validity of a knowledge claim? Provide examples. Emotions can limit are knowledge, for example if your in bad mood, or something bad or even something that you might be looking forward to may distract you from concentrating in class, or doing homework.

Can emotional responses be misunderstood by others? How do you get around that?

===<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Emotions as source ** === <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Can emotions be an important aspect of creating knowledge? Provide examples. Emotions can be source of knowledge because depending on a person mood during they day, week, or month or even part of personality it may show that someone would be opptomistic may want to learn more and more, whole some one shows to be serious would be organized and would enjoy math because of how much attention is needed.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> What is emotional intelligence? Emotional Intelligence involves when a person can tell how others are feeling, maybe someone who is good friends with you ca usually tell from even the slightest actions becuase they learnt from what you usually do when you feel something specific. However, many could see through universail actions like cannot sleep at night when excited or losing appetite when sad.

Is there such a thing as Intuition? Would you rely on it as a reliable way of knowing? Provide examples. No, it hard to have intuition in everything, maybe in favorite subject you may enjoy it and remeber it more becuase there a sort of satisfaction to it, howver if someone had a dislike in math they may just ignore steps and would answer in time instead of immediately.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Can you classify emotions? What categories could you create? If emotions had to be in categories they would mainly be in feelings, through feeling we find to understand people, and there personality's.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> What role does emotion play in some of the different areas of knowledge? Emotion in different classes at school affect the way you learn, however maybe some classes make you enjoy it which means that in those classes you would have a better understanding of knowledge.

__<span style="color: #0000ff; font-size: 170%; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">Reason __
Are you always reasonable in your reasoning? What does that mean?

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**The Nature of Reasoning**
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">What exactly is reasoning? <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">There is subjective and objective reasoning, where subjective is when you reason for your self, while objective is when you reason with other giving own opinions. Like political speeches you reason greatly in which side politically you take, and math formulas, maybe you find an easier way then the formula.

What does the process of reasoning entail? Reasoning is entails of when we think of abstract ideas, we use these ideas to manipulate them into poems, mathematical formulas, musical scores, plays, advertisement and political speeches.

Is there good and bad reasoning? No, this is because through subjective and objective reasoning we can know that everyone has different opinions on reasoning so we can never have good or bad reasoning. One may think the reasoning of a person is good while the other doesn't.

Is there a history of reasoning? There really can't be a history of reasoning besides the abstract ideas of people, but other than that reasoning naturally come to us to change the way we thin of things everyday.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**Types of Reasoning**
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">What are inductive and deductive processes of reasoning? What is informal reasoning? <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">@http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/dedind.php Deductive- The process for deductive reasoning is when a person believes in a general idea, and confirms/supports it through experiences to the idea.

Inductive- The process for inductive reasoning is when a person takes many specific experiences and generalizes on the experiences.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Is reasoning done to produce knowledge about something specific, or something in general? How is this done? Provide examples of each. An example of deductive reasoning is when someone who thinks guys have bad handwriting compared to girls may see notes, or writing done by a girl with bad handwriting when the person already concluded it was a guy. An example of Inductive reasoning is when a student in class constantly zones out, the teacher notices this for many classes, in one class a student gets the courage to tell the teacher that there is a student zoning out, without even looking at who it may be the a teacher induces it was the student who constantly zones out.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">What role does time play in judging the truth value of your reasoning, whether inductive or deductive? Inductive and deductive reasoning varies between each person and this variation comes from how a person was raised when they were young. For example when a person is a child they are still learning how to reason and what to believe, for example if child is taught to not eat from the floor when they drop food, their future would be affected by this because they now they know not to eat food they dropped. While someone who was raised without this rule may do it even when they grow up, but they may just learn through society or even media later in life. So inductive and deductive reasoning is usually learnt in time and is never ending learning, cause you cannot stop reasoning. You would just be more inductive and deductive in time.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> How do you know if you are doing it correctly or not? When is it valid or invalid? When is it true or false? Does it always lead to truth? Create syllogisms and let's see - visit<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">@http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllogism for examples.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Are all types of reasoning reliable? How do you know this? Check these fallacies: let's find examples in your life of when they occur - <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">@http://onegoodmove.org/fallacy/toc.htm

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> What is the relationship of reasoning to knowledge, the creation or discovery of knowledge, and ultimately, to truth?

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> What is the difference between empiricism and rationalism? Which do you think explains reality with greater accuracy? Provide examples of each. Visit:<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">@http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/rationalism-empiricism/

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> What sorts of things might influence reasoning?

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> What is the relationship of the other WOKs to reasoning?

__<span style="color: #e00000; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 210%;">Hasty Generalizations __ Provide examples of how Induction and Deduction are used in your other courses or activities. Can you provide examples of where it might be problematic? That is, do you see any cases where induction, an event leads to a generalization, is correct or not correct? Are there cases where general rules applied to specific situations work or don't work?


 * Examples || Induction || Deduction ||
 * In other courses or activities || When a student thinks substitute doesn’t take attendance, evidence can come from other students who agree. || When looking at the board covered in formulas and equation in math you may deduce that it is hard. However you may find it to be simple once taught.

When people say that Seattle is a very rainy city, but when you visit its sunny every day during your stay. (Seattle is the 14th Rainiest city in the US, however many deduce it to be the Rainiest in the US) ||
 * Of where it might be problematic || When you see, or hear someone you know and induce that it is the person you know. However when you find out it is someone else when you approach him or her and they notice. || When in history one source is read about a past time and sticks to concludes to that one source. When many sources should be compared before deducing. ||
 * Any cases where **induction**, an event leads to a generalization, is correct or not correct || __ Correct or Not Correct- __ Weather forecasting is to induce. Weather forecast vary greatly. One may say it is a rainy day tomorrow and it turns out to be Sunny, while a forecast had predicted it to be sunny. The one that predicts the weather is sunny is correct while the one that predicted it to be rainy isn’t. ||  ||

__<span style="color: #ff8600; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 270%;">Language __





**How would you rank the importance of language as a WOK?**


 * Is language inherently literal or is it figurative? TREES**


 * Is language play? In what ways? Provide examples. PLUS SUNS**


 * Do all terms have distinct definitions?**


 * Do words denote something specific? Provide examples. Or, do they always have various connotations?**

Our topic involves to be in between true and false. The main reason for those because we look at different subject words, like the ones in the venn diagram above and we noticed that if thought carefully we could fit each word into both individual and universal. For example, History, it is individual when written and read by others to think about, however universal when different opinions to what really happened in the past are interpreted. Another example is music, each song is interpreted differently however it is universal when generes are placed over them, like pop, electronic, classical, rock etc.. It is however not always certain, for example time is probably very universal cause no one can stop time from happening. It is important to understand this concept of words having both individual and universal meanings because without the understanding hasty generalizations can form. For example, an easy one can be taste, when you see one person disgusted from food people immediately say that you don't want to eat it cause ut tastes bad however they should try cause everyone is different when it comes to what they like and don't like. **Is there a difference between the written word and speaking or dialogue? Provide examples. SATURN** Yes, there can be huge differences between written word and speaking. **Does language change? How, when, and why? PINKIES** ** How: ** - Formal-slang - Translation: from one language to anther - Interpretation of definition within relationships - Time eg: Chinese & Egyptian symbols - Migration: depending on where you live and what country - Ease - Cool (part of your identity) - Personal cods - Changes according to stuff changing (possibly technology) - Influence R u there? ASAP TTYL TYT CYA <3   One Experience: The use of different sources in History to broaden an understanding as an individual, for example one source may say that Stalin had been an evil man as he reigned over Soviet Russia, while another source may say that he had been a great man. Reading different sources gives one an opportunity to see both sides of an issue. One from the Article: “Carl Sagan had tried to prove whether J.Z. Knight state of Washington claims to be in touch with a 35,000 year old somebody called “Ramtha.”” We see the process of his thinking when he creates a list of questions to try to validate that its true.
 * Do words represent images in our minds or some idea out, or do they refer to real things? MOONS**
 * Is language be personal/individual or is it part of a shared community? STARS** It depends-
 * If you think about each word carefully, it is able to fit in to each category of meanings of words, which are Individual, Shared and Common.
 * For some words, there is a cultural meaning that comes up first before the individual meaning. For example, “Cinema” in Saudi, in this culture, it is considered wrong and so, for this reason, there are no cinemas in this country.
 * The inventing of words are individual at the beginning, but common when shared. For example, Shakespeare and Newspeak in 1984. Some of their words are in the dictionary and are used in everyday language.
 * Language is a strong aspect of WOK because it gives meaning to the words and how they are viewed differently.
 * Language has both advantage and disadvantage to globalization, for example, for example when people communicate, they have different views on how companies should be developed.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">When written, words can be interpreted to have any intention behind the words. (this interpretation can be guided and restricted in context though)
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Words in context, or dialogue provides a different meaning to the literal word
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">When speaking, emotions can be incorporated into our words (via, volume, speed, tone)
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The interpretation of words can be non-literal or hinting when spoken (Sarcasm or 'playful' voice like Bilal's)
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Spelling and Capitalisation on paper has different meanings (Thnx vs Thank you) (March vs march)
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Fonts suggests different meanings (Italic, bold, font size)
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The words coming out of different mouths have different weight (instructions or commands from teachers vs children)
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Many people have accents, this accent when speaking the written words provide a lot more information
 * When: **
 * Why: **
 * Examples ** :
 * Baloney Detection **
 * Wherever possible there must ‘be independent confirmation of the "facts." **